Query over origin of ‘Malaysia’

Many credit first Prime Minister Tunku Abdul Rahman with proposing the name for the new nation born on Sept 16, 1963.

The Alliance, on Umno’s insistence, had suggested the name in 1956 for the soon-to-be independent Federation of Malaya, with a larger political entity in mind.

But the name was to be adopted only six years later.

Many may not know that the word "Malaysia" was used as early as 1929 in an article about a zoological exploration to document flora and fauna at Mount Kinabalu.

The article, A Sacred Mountain: Exploration of Mount Kinabalu was taken from the Singapore Free Press and published on page 125 of the British North Borneo Herald on July 1, 1929.

The first paragraph reads: "It is the highest peak (13,455 feet) in Malaysia and its flora and fauna are highly specialised."

The last paragraph states: "The recent work done on Kinabalu is of course all part of a comprehensive scheme for investigating the Malaysian fauna."

Sabah Archives Department director Datu Tigabelas Datu Zainal Abidin said the name "Malaysia" most likely referred to "Malay Asia" or the Malay archipelago.

"It is not used to name a country but a region. Based on our analysis, there is no other logical reason for using the word ‘Malaysia’ in the article.

"Malay Asia does not specifically refer to Malaya, Borneo, Indonesia or the Philippines. It refers to the region," he said.

"Malaysia" came into the public domain again in 1945 as the Japanese surrendered in Singapore. The headline of a front-page report in the Straits Times of Sept 13, 1945 reads: "Japanese in Malaysia Surrender At Singapore".

The first paragraph of the report went: "The surrender of half a million Japanese troops in Malaya and the Dutch East Indies was formally signed at Singapore yesterday, 1,374 days after the first Japanese bombs fell on this city and war broke out in the Far East."

Was the "Malaysia" referred to in the headline a combination of Malaya, the Dutch East Indies (Indonesia) and Singapore?

Tan Sri Dr Noordin Sopiee, in his book From Malayan Union to Singapore Separation 1945-65, said the first suggestion of bringing together all the territories in the Malaysia region, which included Sabah, Sarawak, Brunei, Malaya and Singapore, could be traced back to 1887 when Lord Brassey said the whole area should be merged into one large colony.

Brassey was then the North Borneo Chartered Company director.

Quoting historian Professor K.G. Treggoning, Noordin said the matter was deliberated in the British Cabinet in 1888 and again in 1932.

"The political rationalisation which was undertaken immediately after the Second World War caused many to suspect a British intention to link up all the territories of the region into one governmental unit," he wrote.

Noordin said after the war, the British Governor-General Malcolm MacDonald was entrusted with the task of co-ordinating the major policies of the five territories. "The Singapore Progressive Party became, in fact, the first political party of the Malaysia region to advocate a region-wide unified system," he said.

He said Tun Ghazali Shafie and Tun Tan Cheng Lok had also advocated the "Malaysia" concept in the 1950s.

Top 10 languages in the world

10. French
Number of speakers: 129 million
Often called the most romantic language in the world, French is spoken in tons of countries, including Belgium, Canada, Rwanda, Cameroon, and Haiti. Oh, and France too. We're actually very lucky that French is so popular, because without it, we might have been stuck with Dutch Toast, Dutch Fries, and Dutch kissing (ew!).

To say "hello" in French, say "Bonjour" (bone-JOOR).

9. Malay-Indonesian
Number of speakers: 159 million
Malay-Indonesian is spoken - surprise - in Malaysia and Indonesia. Actually, we kinda fudged the numbers on this one because there are many dialects of Malay, the most popular of which is Indonesian. But they're all pretty much based on the same root language, which makes it the ninth most-spoken in the world.

Indonesia is a fascinating place; a nation made up of over 13,000 islands it is the sixth most populated country in the world. Malaysia borders on two of the larger parts of Indonesia (including the island of Borneo), and is mostly known for its capital city of Kuala Lumpur.

To say "hello" in Indonesian, say "Selamat pagi" (se-LA-maht PA-gee).

8. Portuguese
Number of speakers: 191 million
Think of Portuguese as the little language that could. In the 12th Century, Portugal won its independence from Spain and expanded all over the world with the help of its famous explorers like Vasco da Gama and Prince Henry the Navigator. (Good thing Henry became a navigator . . . could you imagine if a guy named "Prince Henry the Navigator" became a florist?) Because Portugal got in so early on the exploring game, the language established itself all over the world, especially in Brazil (where it's the national language), Macau, Angola, Venezuela, and Mozambique.

To say "hello" in Portuguese, say "Bom dia" (bohn DEE-ah).

7. Bengali
Number of speakers: 211 million
In Bangladesh, a country of 120+ million people, just about everybody speaks Bengali. And because Bangladesh is virtually surrounded by India (where the population is growing so fast, just breathing the air can get you pregnant), the number of Bengali speakers in the world is much higher than most people would expect.

To say "hello" in Bengali, say "Ei Je" (EYE-jay).

6. Arabic
Number of speakers: 246 million
Arabic, one of the world's oldest languages, is spoken in the Middle East, with speakers found in countries such as Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Iraq, Syria, Jordan, Lebanon, and Egypt. Furthermore, because Arabic is the language of the Koran, millions of Moslems in other countries speak Arabic as well. So many people have a working knowledge of Arabic, in fact, that in 1974 it was made the sixth official language of the United Nations.

To say "hello" in Arabic, say "Al salaam a'alaykum" (Ahl sah-LAHM ah ah-LAY-koom).

5. Russian
Number of speakers: 277 million
Mikhail Gorbachev, Boris Yeltsin, and Yakov Smirnoff are among the millions of Russian speakers out there. Sure, we used to think of them as our Commie enemies. Now we think of them as our Commie friends. One of the six languages in the UN, Russian is spoken not only in the Mother Country, but also in Belarus, Kazakhstan, and the U.S. (to name just a few places).

To say "hello" in Russian, say "Zdravstvuite" (ZDRAST-vet-yah).

4. Spanish
Number of speakers: 392 million
Aside from all of those kids who take it in high school, Spanish is spoken in just about every South American and Central American country, not to mention Spain, Cuba, and the U.S. There is a particular interest in Spanish in the U.S., as many English words are borrowed from the language, including: tornado, bonanza, patio, quesadilla, enchilada, and taco grande supreme.

To say "hello" in Spanish, say "Hola" (OH-la).

3. Hindustani
Number of speakers: 497 million
Hindustani is the primary language of India's crowded population, and it encompasses a huge number of dialects (of which the most commonly spoken is Hindi). While many predict that the population of India will soon surpass that of China, the prominence of English in India prevents Hindustani from surpassing the most popular language in the world. If you're interested in learning a little Hindi, there's a very easy way: rent an Indian movie. The film industry in India is the most prolific in the world, making thousands of action/romance/musicals every year.

To say "hello" in Hindustani, say "Namaste" (Nah-MAH-stay).

2. English
Number of speakers: 508 million
While English doesn't have the most speakers, it is the official language of more countries than any other language. Its speakers hail from all around the world, including the U.S., Australia, England, Zimbabwe, the Caribbean, Hong Kong, South Africa, and Canada. We'd tell you more about English, but you probably feel pretty comfortable with the language already. Let's just move on to the most popular language in the world.

To say "hello" in English, say "What's up, freak?" (watz-UP-freek).

1. Mandarin
Number of speakers: 1 billion+
Surprise, surprise, the most widely spoken language on the planet is based in the most populated country on the planet, China. Beating second-place English by a 2 to 1 ratio, but don't let that lull you into thinking that Mandarin is easy to learn. Speaking Mandarin can be really tough, because each word can be pronounced in four ways (or "tones"), and a beginner will invariably have trouble distinguishing one tone from another. But if over a billion people could do it, so could you. Try saying hello!

To say "hello" in Mandarin, say "Ni hao" (Nee HaOW). ("Hao" is pronounced as one syllable, but the tone requires that you let your voice drop midway, and then raise it again at the end.)

KLCC Aquaria - An Ocean of Discovery

KLCC Aquaria - An Ocean of Discovery

Korean creativity

Check this tiny art from Korea

Should Muslim headscarves be banned at public schools?

Should Muslim headscarves be banned at public schools?

Technorati tags: headscarves, muslim

Principles of life

• Winning isn't everything. But wanting to win is.

• You would achieve more, if you don't mind who gets the credit.

• When everything else is lost, the future stillremains.

• Don't fight too much. Or the enemy would know your art of war.

• The only job you start at the top is when you dig a grave.

• If you don't stand for something, you'll fall for everything.

• If you do little things well, you'll do big ones better.

• Only thing that comes to you without effort is old age.

• You won't get a second chance to make the first impression.

• Only those who do nothing do not make mistakes.

• Never take a problem to your boss unless you have a solution.

• If you are not failing you're not taking enough risks.

• Don't try to get rid of bad temper by losing it.

• If at first you don't succeed, skydiving is not for you.

• Those who don't make mistakes usually don't make anything

• There are two kinds of failures. Those who think and never do, and those who do and never think.

• Pick battles big enough to matter, small enough to win.

• All progress has resulted from unpopular decisions.

• Change your thoughts and you change your world.

• Understanding proves intelligence, not the speed of the learning.

• There are two kinds of fools in this world. Those who give advise and those who don't take it.

• The best way to kill an idea is to take it to a meeting.

• Management is doing things right. Leadership is doing the right things.

• Friendship founded on business is always better than business founded on friendship.

Google Talk for babies

Click image to enlarge

Windows95 10th Anniversary

Windows95 10th Anniversary

Old Man's Child - Vermin release schedule

OLD MAN'S CHILD will release their new album "Vermin" via Century Media on 17th of October. Album was recorded in Studio Fredman. Track-list:

1. Enslaved And Condemned (4:15)
2. The Plague Of Sorrow (4:09)
3. War Of Fidelity (4:19)
4. In Torment's Orbit (5:04)
5. Lord Of Command [Bringer Of Hate] (4:51)
6. The Flames Of Deceit (4:39)
7. Black Marvels Of Death (4:22)
8. Twilight Damnation (4:42)
9. ...As Evil Descends (1:11)

Fly guy (flash)

Checkout this fly guy. Nice flash animation.

Protect the young ones

A deviation by *NietzschesErbe

Empat perkara

Empat perkara menguatkan badan
1. makan daging
2. memakai haruman  
3. kerap mandi
4. berpakaian dari kapas

Empat perkara melemahkan badan
1. banyak berkelamin (bersetubuh)
2. selalu cemas
3. banyak minum air ketika makan
4. banyak makan bahan yang masam

Empat perkara menajamkan mata
1. duduk mengadap kiblat
2. bercelak sebelum tidur
3. memandang yang hijau
4. berpakaian bersih

Empat perkara merosakan mata
1. memandang najis
2. melihat orang dibunuh  
3. melihat kemaluan
4. membelakangi kiblat

Empat perkara menajamkan fikiran
1. tidak banyak berbual kosong
2. rajin bersugi (gosok gigi)
3. bercakap dengan orang soleh
4. bergaul dengan para ulama

Fakta menarik

1. Cuba tengok zip seluar anda, tertera  huruf YKK..YKK bermakna Yoshida Kogyo Kabushibibaisha iaitu sebuah kilang  membuat zip terbesar di dunia yang menghasilkan zip yang korang pakai sekarang  ni..

2. bunyi (kuek) yang dihasilkan oleh itik tidak bergema dan beralun.  Sehingga kini kita tidak tahu mengapa.

3. Dengan sepotong coklat boleh  membunuh anjing? benar!!Coklat mampu merosakkan sistem pernafasan dan jantung  anjing. Dengan ounces yang  banyak mampu membunuh seekor anjing bersaiz  kecil.

4. Kebanyakan lipstick yang kita pakai sekarang ni  mengandungi sisik ikan yang telah diproses.

5. Pada tahun 1830,  ketchup (sos tomato) digunakan sebagai ubatan dan bukannya perasa tambahan  pada makanan.

6. Tiada satu pun jam di Las Vegas gambling casinos. Dengan  ketiadaan jam akan melekakan penjudi penjudi dengan taruhan  mereka..

7. Kerana ketangkasan Bruce Lee..pengarah terpaksa  memperlahankan sedikit filem yang diambil kerana terlampau laju dan  pergerakan aksinya
tidak dapat ditangkap melalui lensa kamera. Sesuatu yang  agak luar biasa dari orang lain.

8. Nama sebenar rama-rama (butterfly)  ialah'flutterby'.

9. Mosquito repellents atau penghalau nyamuk tidak  membunuh.Sensor nyamuk hanya dikaburi dan ini menyebabkan nyamuk tidak dapat mengesan di mana mangsa berada.

10. Pakar dan doktor gigi  mengesyorkanberus gigi hendaklah diletakkan sekurang kurangnya 6 kaki jauh  dari tandas utk menghalang kuman berterbangan ketiki anda menggunakan flush  tandas.

11. Jika nombor 111,111,111 didarab 111,111,111 anda akan dpat  jawapan 12345678987654321.

12. Warna biru adalah warna kesukaan 80  peratus rakyat Amerika.

13. Tanda (#) di keyboard komputer anda  sebenarnya dinamakan 'octothorp'.

14. Adalah mustahil jika anda bersin  tapa memejamkan mata.

15. Seekor lipas boleh hidup selama 10 hari tanpa  kepala.

16. Jika dikangkangkan kaki dan baring secara telentang, kita  tidak akan tenggelam di dalam pasir jerlus.

17. Nama yang paling  banyak umumnya di dunia ini ialah Muhammad.

18. Di Eropah, kebanyakan  wanita Eropah tidak memakai seluar dalam sehingga ke tahun 1900 barulah  seluar dalam diperkenalkan.

19. Produk pertama menggunakan bar code  adalah Wrigley's gum.

20. Mexico  City tenggelam sedikit demi sedikit sekitar 10 inci  setiap tahun.

21. Mengikut statik dalam kehidupan, ayam adalah haiwan  yang paling banyak di dunia mengalahkan manusia, kerana cara pembiakan yang berleluasa dan senang dibiakkan untuk makanan.

22. Otak akan lebih  aktif ketika tidur dari ketika anda menonton tv.

23. Terdapat banyak  telefon di Washington D.C mengalahkan penduduk penduduknya.

24. Untuk  melepaskan dari gigitan buaya, anda perlu mencucuk matanya menggunakan jari  sekuat hati. Buaya akan melepas anda serta merta.

25. Jika sebutir kecil  kismis dijatuhkan di dalam segelas champagne segar, kismis tersebut akan  turun ke dasar gelas dan naik semula dan turun
kembali dan seterusnya seakan  dilambung-lambung.

26. Leonardo da Vinci jugamencipta gunting dan beliau menghabiskan 10 tahun untuk menyiapkan lukisan agungnya iaitu Monalisa(10 tahun untuk
bahagian bibirnya sahaja)

27. 90% dari pembaca yang membaca info  ini kebanyakannya tidak tahu tentang fakta yang telah diberikan. Keajaiban  fakta fakta sebegini dapat
menarik minat pembaca untuk mengetahui dari atas kemusykilan minda kita.

GoogleOS? YahooOS? MozillaOS? WebOS? (kottke.org)

GoogleOS? YahooOS? MozillaOS? WebOS? (kottke.org)

Garden Of Sadness has invited you to try Google Talk.

I've been using Google Talk and thought you might like to try it out.
We can use it to call each other for free over the internet. Here's an
invitation to download Google Talk. Give it a try!

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

Garden Of Sadness has invited you to sign up for Google Talk so you can
talk to each other for free over your computers. Signing up also gives
you Gmail, a free Google email account with over 2,000 megabytes
of storage.

To accept this invitation and get Google Talk and Gmail, visit:
http://mail.google.com/mail/a-c289e438b8-b54bd5d171-430cc9e0ef

If you already have a Gmail account, please visit:
http://mail.google.com/mail/b-c289e438b8-b54bd5d171-50d5cf81ef08870b

Google Talk is a downloadable Windows application that lets you send
instant messages to your friends and make free phone calls over an
internet connection. Google Talk offers excellent voice quality and
works with any computer speaker and microphone.

Gmail is Google's free email service, offering lots of free storage,
powerful spam protection, built-in search for finding your messages,
and a helpful way of organizing email into "conversations." And there
are no pop-up ads or untargeted banners - just text ads and related
information that are relevant to the content of your messages.

Once you sign up, we'll notify Garden Of Sadness of your new Gmail address
and add you to each others' Friends lists so you can start talking
right away.

Gmail and Google Talk are still in beta. We're working hard to add
new features and make improvements, so we might also ask for your
comments and suggestions periodically. We appreciate your help in
making our products even better!

Thanks,

The Gmail and Google Talk Teams

To learn more about Gmail and Google Talk, visit:
http://mail.google.com/mail/help/benefits.html
http://www.google.com/talk/about.html

(If clicking the URLs in this message does not work, copy and paste
them into the address bar of your browser).

Google Talk

Download latest product from google. Look simple and professional compare to Yahoo messenger and MSN Messenger. Feel free to invite me to test this IM + VOIP services. fullfilth@gmail.com.

Romantic sms

There are 12 months a year...30 days a month...7 days a week...24 hours a day...60 minutes an hour...but only one like you in a lifetime.

There are two reasons why I wake up in the morning: my alarm clock and you.

Great minds contain ideas, solutions and reasons; scientific minds contain formulas, theories and figures; my mind contains only you!

Love can be expressed in many ways. One way I know is to send it across the distance to the person who is reading this.

If I could change the alphabet, I would put U and I together!

Minsan caring is better than loving.  Minsan tea is better than coffee. Minsan smile is better than laughter. Pero nobody is better than you.

There is night so we can appreciate day, sorrow so we can appreciate joy, evil so we can appreciate good, you so I can appreciate love.

You look great today. How did I know? Because you look great everyday.

What is love? Those who don't like it call it responsibility. Those who play with it call it a game. Those who don't have it call it a dream. Those who understand it call it destiny. And me, I call it you.

What is love? It is what makes your cell phone ring every time I send text messages.

If love can be avoided by simply closing our eyes, then I wouldn't blink  at all for I don't want to let a second pass having fallen out of love with you.

I used to think that dreams do not come true, but this quickly changed the moment I laid my eyes on you.

Press down if you miss me. Talaga? Sweet mo naman. You really miss me huh? Still pressing down. Impressed na ako, ha? Sobrang miss na yan. Well, I miss you too.

Some people were born with talents. They can do beautiful things with their skills, knowledge and technology. But no one is as talented as you. You just come near, and there is already beauty.

A lady is a woman who makes a man behave like a gentleman. You're such a lady to me.

To forget you is hard to do and to forget me is up  to you. Forget me not, forget me never. Forget this text, but not the sender.

When situation gets you down, remember there's Someone in Heaven who loves you and watches over you and there's someone on Earth who cares… I do.

Cell phones can be irritating sometimes. You always have to reload, recharge every now and then. Messages are delayed. But there's one thing I love about it. It connects me to you!

Words begin with ABC. Numbers begin with 123. Music begins with do, re, mi. And friendship begins with you and me!

Rain and sunshine do not always come together. Night and day never coincide. But you and I, whatever they say, is for me the perfect match.
When I dream, I dream of you...maybe one day, dreams will come true.  

There is an ocean between us. Forests and mountains keep us apart. I may not be superman, but give me a second and I will fly across countries to send you my love. Have you received it?

If, out of time, I could pick one moment and keep it shining, always new, of all the days that I have lived, I'd pick the moment I met you.

I'm on a mission to get over you, in other words mission impossible.

I wish I'd be a tear in your eye to roll down your cheek and end up with your lips but I never wish you'd be a tear in my eye for I would lose you every time I cry.

When it rains, you don't see the sun, but it's there. Hope we can be like that. We don't always see each other, but  we will always be there for one another.

I may run out of message to text you. I may run out of jokes too. I may also run out of battery or even a peso but my heart won't run out of space for you!

You'll know that you miss someone very much when every time you think of that person, your heart breaks into pieces and just a quick "Hello" from that person can bring the broken pieces back.

Love. All my life I have read about it, dreamt of it, waited for it, cried for it, needed it. Now with you, I have found it.

Sherlock Holmes was an idiot and Robert Watt was a fool. One was a detective, the other invented radar. But neither of them ever discovered you. I'm a genius!
When  the time comes I can't smile anymore, don't worry about me, I know what to do. I'll just stare at one corner and think of you. No one else could make me happy like the way you do.

There's a love that only you can give, a smile that only your lips can show, a twinkle that can only be seen in your eyes, and a life of mine that you alone can complete.

Everyone wants to be the sun that lights up your life. But I'd rather be your moon, so I can shine on you during your darkest hour when your sun isn't around.

Ah-- I forgot your name. Can I call you mine? And, in case you forget my name too, call me yours!

If I had the letters "HRT", I can add "EA" to get a "HEART" or a "U" and get "HURT". But I'd rather choose "U" and get "HURT" than  have a "HEART" without "U".
You may never see how much I care for you. You may never hear how much I treasure you. You may never feel how much I miss you. Coz only here in my heart can you see them true.

There are 4 steps to happiness: 1. you, 2. me, 3. our hearts, 4. together!

If kisses were water, I'd give you the ocean. If hugs were leaves, I'd give you a forest. If love were space, I'd give you a galaxy. If friendship were life, I'd give you mine for free.

It's hard to say hello because it might be goodbye. It's hard to say I'm okay because sometimes I'm not. But it's easy to say I miss you coz I know that I really do.

It's hard for two people to love each other when  they live in two different worlds. But when these two worlds collide and become one, that's what you call you and I.

If you're feeling lonely and you think there is nobody there to love, support, listen or show they care, just save this message and every time you realize it, it will remind you that a part of me is always there with you.

Roses are red, violets are blue. I am waiting to hear from a cute guy like you.

They say that as long as there is one person loving you, life isn't a waste. So if you lose hope and thought that life is not worth living, just remember I'm here.

Do you know that men and women are angels created with only one wing? And they need to embrace each other to be able to fly... Hope you can find your angel  whom you can fly with forever.

They told me I could do anything if I put my mind into it. Yet no matter how hard I try in all that I do, I just can't take my mind off you.

My biggest reward is to see you smile, know you are happy, and feel you are loved. I know life is sometimes cruel, but that's why I'm here, to show you that life can be good when somebody cares.

I always think of you, but I always fail to know the reason why. Is there something else I should know about you? But there is one thing that I know is true. That life will always be sad without you.

Hatred infects the mind; love dissolves it. You dissolve my mind.

Don't say you love me unless you really  mean it cause I might do something crazy like believe it.

I'm afraid to close my eyes coz I might think of you. I'm afraid to open them coz I might see you. I'm afraid to move my lips coz I might speak of you. I'm afraid to listen coz I might hear my heart fall for you.

I'm sorry to be smiling every time you're near. I'm sorry my eyes twinkle whenever you're here. I'm sorry that cupid has made his hit. I'm sorry I love you, I can't help it.

Caring for someone is easy but making someone care for you is hard. Now I keep wondering how did you make it so easy for me to care for you.

Text me when you are sad, text me when you need someone to listen to and you can't find anyone who will. I don't care if I'm your last option, I just  don't want you to cry alone.

I don't want to say I miss you, though deep inside I do, coz I'm afraid you might see thru and know how much fear I have of losing someone like you.

If love can be avoided simply by closing our eyes, I wouldn't blink at all for I don't want to let a second pass having fallen out of love with you.

I wish one day you will miss me terribly that no matter how hard you look for me, you won't find me. Why? Because, I want you to miss me the way I'm missing you right now.

If I could be any letter in the alphabet, I'd choose "V" so I can be next to "U"; if you could be any note, I wish you're "RE" so your always beside "ME"!

Whatever you do, I'll  walk with you. Hoping that your every dream would come true. Anytime, anywhere, I'll always be there. Wishing you love and happiness because I care.

The spaces between our fingers were created so that another person's fingers could fill them in. Hope you'll find your dream hand to hold you forever.

Kerap hantar SMS boleh cederakan tendon

LONDON: Remaja yang kerap menghantar SMS kepada rakan mereka berisiko tinggi menghidap kecederaan ketegangan berulang (RSI), lapor pakar kesihatan.

Kekerapan menghantar SMS menggunakan cuma ibu jari untuk menaip boleh menyebabkan kesakitan dan bengkak pada tendon dan boleh mengakibatkan kecederaan jangka panjang, kata Persatuan Fisioterapi (CPS).

Ketika telefon bimbit direka semakin kecil dan lebih ramai kanak-kanak terdedah kepada teknologi ini, mereka berisiko menghidap keadaan yang selama ini lebih kerap dikaitkan dengan golongan dewasa.

Keputusan General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) minggu ini menyaksikan bilangan SMS yang dihantar oleh kanak-kanak semakin meningkat kerana mereka memberitahu pencapaian mereka kepada rakan dan keluarga melalui SMS, menurut CPS.

Pegawai CPS, Bronwyn Clifford, berkata: “Pakar fisioterapi mengenal pasti tabiat menghantar SMS dengan kerap dalam jangka masa panjang, boleh menyebabkan RSI. – Agensi

Google Releases New Desktop Search Beta

The new version includes a sidebar designed to personalize the application, with miniature apps that return information from news, RSS and Atom feeds, photo sites, and other information sources, based on the user's previous Web activities.

Google Inc. said today it plans to release a beta version of Google Desktop 2, the next iteration of its popular desktop search software for Microsoft Windows.

The new software aims to make search a more personalized experience with the inclusion of a Sidebar panel. The Sidebar features several miniapplications that return or retain information based on previous online activities. For example, the News panel displays links to news articles that are similar to ones you've read. The Web Clips panel automatically starts tracking RSS and Atom feeds from the Web pages you visit.

Other Sidebar panels include a Photo slideshow program that presents local and Internet photo sources (such as Flickr.com), an E-mail account monitor that works with Google's Gmail service among others, and a real-time stock price tracker. Additional panel plug-ins should be available over time as developers avail themselves of the Google Desktop APIs.

"We really want to enable people to just sit back and let the Web come to them," explains product manager Nikhil Bhatla, who likens the Sidebar to an intelligent agent.

Google Desktop 2 boasts expanded search capabilities, such as the ability to search network drives and Gmail accounts. It also returns search results from local files as soon as you start typing.

While this feature, called Quick Find, functions similarly to Apple's Spotlight search technology, it's intended to supplant Microsoft software. "Use Quick Find to launch applications without having to deal with the Start menu," the software's reviewer's guide suggests, as if dealing with the Start menu represented a burden.

Along similar lines, the beta includes an Outlook Search Toolbar, for those who want to search their E-mail without changing applications.

For those with privacy concerns, Google Desktop 2 offers the option of encrypting its search index, which is generated to speed searches. Doing so, however, will reduce the software's performance. The search software relies on the Windows Encrypted File System.

Google claims its software was built with privacy in mind and notes that "none of your content is made accessible to Google or anyone else without your explicit permission." It is however worth noting that Google Desktop sends a unique application number to Google once upon installation and during subsequent checks for updates. If you're already afraid you're under surveillance, this may be an issue.

Google Desktop is available in English for Windows XP and Windows 2000 SP3 and up.

Gaia Epicus: ''Hands Of Fate'' Video Posted Online

Norwegian power metallers Gaia Epicus have uploaded their video for the track "Hands of Fate" at this location (Windows Media). The clip was shot "outdoors in the forest" earlier in the month and features a guest appearance on drums by Robert Myrhaug (Memorized Dreams).

"Hands of Fate" comes off the group’s second album, "Symphony of Glory", available now on Sound Riot Records. The follow-up to 2003’s "Satrap" was recorded and mixed over a five-week period at Top Room Studios (Tristania, Vintersorg, Borknagar) with producer Børge Finstad and features artwork by Michael A. Mueller (Megadeth). The CD was mastered at Bazement Studios.

Merdekakah kita?

MASZLEE MALIK
 

Tepat jam menunjukkan detik 12 malam tanggal 31 Ogos...seluruh Malaysia terutamanya di Dataran Merdeka acara stereotaip tahunan akan berlangsung. Selepas jeritan merdeka, merdeka, merdeka...jiwa-jiwa dan pemikiran anak-anak muda kita pun akan mula dijajah kembali. Dijajah nafsu, dijajah kegilaan andreanelin, dijajah keseronokan yang singkat yang mengundang bala yang berpanjangan, dijajah pemikiran pengabdian secara total kepada budaya najis dari barat dan juga dijajah oleh Iblis yang telah mengisytiharkan peperangan terhadap Bani Adam seawal Nabi Adam A.S. diciptakan.
 

Merdeka, merdeka, merdeka...seruan yang dulunya menjadi laungan keramat tanda bebasnya watan kita dari penjajahan kuasa luar kini telah menjadi laungan keramat sebagai lesen untuk penjajahan bentuk baru di dalam jiwa anak-anak muda kita. Sejarah tidak pernah menipu, dan sejarah jugalah yang telah menyaksikan saban tahun pemudi-pemudi beragama Islam kita dijajah dan disamun kemuliaan dan mahkotanya oleh penjajah-penjajah yang sepatutnya menjadi "Qawwamuun" (pelindung) ke atas mereka. Pemuda dan pemudi menjadi tidak keruan dijajah otak mereka dek air-air khayal yang kedapatannya dilelong dan dijual secara jumbo sale di malam tersebut di premis-premis 7 eleven, pasaraya-pasaraya dan juga kelab-kelab malam.

 
Merdeka, merdeka, merdeka...di satu ceruk pula kedapatan pengunjung-pengunjung setia rumah-rumah Allah mengsekularkan diri mereka menyambut hari Merdeka dengan bacaan Yasin, tahlil dan doa selamat. Sekular ?, ya...mereka di satu wadi dan manusia di wadi yang lain. Mereka mengharapkan keredhaan Allah tanpa menghiraukan mereka-mereka yang hanyut kelemasan dijajah dan digagahi oleh nafsu dan sayitan di malam tersebut. Sekali lagi mereka-mereka ini pun masih lagi dijajah oleh pemikiran "Nafsi-nafsi" atau "Ananiyyah".
 

Habis cara yang bagaimana kita nak sambut Hari Kemerdekaan kita ?, jika tiada hiburan tiada serilah hidup kita ?, jika tiada hiburan kita tidak maju!, jika tiada hiburan kita dilihat kolot!

 
Begitu parahnya pemikiran kita dijajah dan diperkosa. Kehidupan hanyalah untuk hiburan ! jika tiada hiburan tiadalah kehidupan!, jika tiada hiburan ketinggalan zaman! Segalanya untuk berhibur, menghibur dan terhibur kemudiannya terlanjur.
 

Dalam zaman yang serba moden ini sepatutnya umat Islam perlu lebih kreatif. Pemikiran mereka tidak selayaknya dijumudkan dengan menjilat dan menelan semua yang berasal dari barat. Sikap sebegini hanya akan merencatkan kekreatifan sesuatu bangsa dan hanya menjadikan mereka hamba pemikiran barat dan akan terus terjajah. Seeloknya umat Islam, di Malaysia khususnya dalam menyambut hari kemerdekaan, menyemaikan jatidiri bangsa merdeka dan menyuburkan semangat patriotik mempunyai gaya dan cara yang tersendiri yang tidak bertentangan dengan Syariat Islam.
 

Tiada count down bukan beertinya kita ketinggalan zaman, dan ber count down tidak menunjukkan kita maju. Ianya hanya mempamerkan keujaan kita dan sikap jakun untuk meniru bangsa lain yang kita anggap lebih keramat dan lebih berdarjat. Zaman-zaman 70'an, 80'an malah, tiada pun acara count down dan konsert-konsert sehingga larut malam yang akhirnya mengundang tahajjud bersama orang ketiga (syaitan) di celah-celah pokok di taman, di dalam kereta di tepi taman-taman bunga, di hotel-hotel muran dan malah di sesetengah tempat dilakukan di tepi-tepi padang. Tidak cukup lagikah dengan national parade yang menjadi acara fardhu kifayah di Dataran Merdeka pada tiap-tiap tahun ?, mengapa mesti sesuatu acara yang bersulamkan maksiat menjadi acara yang diberikan galakan untuk hidup mekar dan terus diwarisi sepanjang zaman ?
 

Jikalau kita lapar sangat pun nak meniru budaya barat yang menghidupkan waktu malam mereka pun, hidupkanlah ia dengan cara yang lebih bermaruah dan patriotik. Acara tatu angkatan tentera, pantomen pentas, alunan lagu-lagu patriotik, acara berdoa dan bersolat berjemaah beramai-ramai, pementasan filem-filem patriotik dan pelbagai acara lain yang bebas maksiat boleh dijalankan untuk menyambut malam kemerdekaan. Yang penting kita wajib ada cara sambutan kita yang tersendiri. Acara sambutan yang tidak bercanggah dengan syariat tetapi selari dengan aliran zaman. Acara yang tidak membuka jalan-jalan kepada maksiat untuk dilakukan secara terbuka. Jikalaulah perkara seumpama itu pun tidak dapat kita fikirkan jelaslah fikiran kita dan jiwa kita masih lagi dijajah. Apalaj ertinya merdeka negara tetapi fikiran umatnya masih terjajah.
 

Walau bagaimanapun yang lebih penting bukannya sambutan. Sambutan hanya hiasan, hanya simbol, hanya lambang, yang lebih utama sebenarnya ialah pengisian dan juga keadaan sebenar rakyat itu sendiri mesti benar-benar merdeka.Bagi umat Islam pula, kemerdekaan akidah mereka dari kesyirikan adalah perkara pokok yang mesti mereka usahakan. Begitu juga halnya kemerdekaan jiwa mereka dari sifat-sifat mazmumah yang akan mengundang bala di dalam kehidupan dunia dan akhirat tidak boleh diabaikan. Seterusnya kemerdekaan pemikiran individu umat dari segala pemikiran dan perhambaan terhadap pemikiran barat yang bertentangan dengan syarak juga penting agar mereka tidak selamanya menjadi pengikut agenda orang lain dan sentiasa berakhir menjadi penyaksi sejarah sahaja. Selain itu kemerdekaan umat Islam dari perhambaan kepada nafsu juga tidak boleh dipandang ringan, ini kerana perhambaan mereka kepada nafsu akan membawa mereka menjadi hamba kepada benda-benda lain. Contohnya, jika mereka menurut nafsu, mereka akan menjadi hamba Arak, hamba wanita, hamba duit, dan yang wanita pula akan sentiasa dieksploit untuk menjadi hamba kapitalis-kapitalis yang hanya memandang mereka tidak lebih dari peralatan untuk mereka menggandakan keuntungan. Sekali lagi untuk menjadi seorang yang meredeka, seseorang itu wajiblah terlebih dahulu menyedari dirinya hanyalah hamba kepada Allah sahaja dan hanya tunduk dan patuh kepada perintah Allah semata-mata dan tidak sekali-kali melanggar perintahnya. Sebarang pelanggaran terhadap perintah Allah dan perbuatan meninggalkan larangannya akan hanya menjadikannya hamba Allah yang derhaka dan tidak merdeka dari menuruti hawa nafsu sendiri...maka berterusanlah dia dijajah.
 

Persoalannya, bagaimana pula dengan diri kita ?, meredekakah kita ?

Citroën C-Sportlounge Concept

Inventions thru the ages

Notable Inventions and Discoveries

Date Invention Or Discovery Inventor Or Discoverer Nationality 1250 Magnifying glass Roger Bacon English 1450 Printing press Johann Gutenberg German 1504 Pocket watch Peter Henlein German 1590 Compound microscope Zacharias Janssen Dutch 1593 Water thermometer Galileo Italian 1608 Telescope Hans Lippershey Dutch 1625 Blood transfusion Jean-Baptiste Denys French 1629 Steam turbine Giovanni Branca Italian 1642 Adding machine Blaise Pascal French 1643 Barometer Evangelista Torricelli Italian 1650 Air pump Otto von Guericke German 1656 Pendulum clock Christiaan Huygens Dutch 1661 Methanol Robert Boyle Irish 1668 Reflecting telescope Isaac Newton English 1671 Calculating machine Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz German 1698 Steam pump Thomas Savery English 1701 Seed drill Jethro Tull English 1710 Piano Bartolomeo Cristofori Italian 1712 Steam engine Thomas Newcomen British 1714 Mercury thermometer Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit German 1717 Diving bell Edmund Halley English 1725 Stereotyping William Ged Scottish 1745 Leyden jar (condenser) E.G. von Kleist German 1752 Lightning rod Benjamin Franklin American 1758 Achromatic lens John Dollond British 1759 Marine chronometer John Harrison British 1764 Spinning jenny James Hargreaves British 1769 Spinning frame R. Arkwright English 1769 Steam engine (with separate condenser) James Watt British 1769 Automobile Nicholas-Joseph Cugnot French 1775 Submarine David Bushnell American 1780 Steel pen Samuel Harrison English 1780 Bifocal lens Benjamin Franklin American 1783 Balloon Joseph Michel Montgolfier and Jacques Étienne Montgolfier French 1784 Threshing machine Andrew Meikle British 1785 Power loom Edmund Cartwright British 1786 Steamboat John Fitch American 1788 Flyball governor James Watt British 1791 Gas turbine John Barber British 1792 Illuminating gas William Murdock Scottish 1793 Cotton gin Eli Whitney American 1795 Hydraulic press Joseph Bramah English 1796 Lithography Aloys Senefelder German 1796 Smallpox vaccination Edward Jenner British 1799 Fourdrinier machine (papermaking) Louis Robert French 1800 Jacquard loom Joseph Marie Jacquard French 1800 Electric battery Count Alessandro Volta Italian 1801 Pattern loom Joseph Marie Jacquard French 1804 Screw propeller John Stevens American 1804 Solid-fuel rocket William Congreve British 1804 Steam locomotive Richard Trevithick British 1805 Electroplating Luigi Gasparo Brugnatelli Italian 1810 Food preservation (by sterilization and exclusion of air) François Appert French 1810 Printing press Frederick Koenig German 1814 Railroad locomotive George Stephenson British 1815 Safety lamp Sir Humphry Davy British 1816 Bicycle (no pedals) Karl D. Sauerbronn German 1819 Stethoscope René-Théophile-Hyacinthe Laënnec French 1820 Hygrometer J.F. Daniell English 1820 Galvanometer Johann Salomo Cristoph Schweigger German 1821 Electric motor Michael Faraday British 1823 Silicon Jöns Jakob Berzelius Swedish 1823 Electromagnet William Sturgeon British 1824 Portland cement Joseph Aspdin British 1827 Friction match John Walker British 1829 Typewriter1 W.A. Burt American 1829 Braille printing Louis Braille French 1830 Platform scales Thaddeus Fairbanks American 1830 Sewing machine Barthélemy Thimonnier French 1831 Phosphorus match Charles Sauria French 1831 Reaper Cyrus Hall McCormick American 1831 Dynamo Michael Faraday British 1834 Electric streetcar Thomas Davenport American 1835 Pistol (revolver) Samuel Colt American 1837 Telegraph Samuel Finley Breese Morse Sir Charles Wheatstone American British 1838 Morse code Samuel Finley Breese Morse American 1839 Photography Louis Jacques Mandé Daguerre and Joseph Nicéphore Niepce William Henry Fox Talbot French British 1839 Vulcanized rubber Charles Goodyear American 1839 Steam hammer James Nasmyth Scottish 1839 Bicycle (with pedals) Kirkpatrick MacMillan British 1845 Pneumatic tire Robert William Thompson American 1846 Rotary printing press Richard March Hoe American 1846 Nitroglycerin Ascanio Sobrero Italian 1846 Guncotton Christian Friedrich Schönbein German 1846 Ether Crawford Williamson Long American 1849 Reinforced concrete F.J. Monier French 1849 Safety pin Walter Hunt American 1849 Water turbine James Bicheno Francis American 1850 Mercerized cotton John Mercer British 1851 Breech-loading rifle Edward Maynard American 1851 Opthalmoscope Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von Helmholtz German 1852 Nonrigid airship Henri Giffard French 1852 Elevator (with brake) Elisha Graves Otis American 1852 Gyroscope Jean Bernard Léon Foucault French 1855 Hypodermic syringe Alexander Wood Scottish 1855 Safety matches J.E. Lundstrom Swedish 1856 Bessemer converter (steel) Sir Henry Bessemer British 1858 Harvester Charles and William Marsh American 1859 Spectroscope Gustav Robert Kirchhoff and Robert Wilhelm Bunsen German 1860 Gas engine Jean-Joseph-Étienne Lenoir French 1861 Web-fed newspaper printing press Richard March Hoe American 1861 Electric furnace Wilhelm Siemens British 1861 Machine gun Richard Jordan Gatling American 1861 Kinematoscope Coleman Sellers American 1865 Antiseptic surgery Joseph Lister English 1866 Paper (from wood pulp, sulfite process) Benjamin Chew Tilghman American 1866 Dynamite Alfred Bernhard Nobel Swedish 1868 Dry cell Georges Leclanché French 1868 Typewriter Carlos Glidden and Christopher Latham Sholes American 1868 Air brake George Westinghouse American 1870 Celluloid John Wesley Hyatt and Isaiah Hyatt American 1871 Continuous current dynamo Zénobe-Théophile Gramme Belgian 1874 Quadruplex telegraph Thomas Alva Edison American 1876 Telephone2 Alexander Graham Bell Antonio Meucci American Italian 1877 Internal-combustion engine (four-cycle) Nikolaus August Otto German 1877 Talking machine (phonograph) Thomas Alva Edison American 1877 Microphone Emile Berliner American 1877 Electric welding Elihu Thomson American 1877 Refrigerator car G.F. Swift American 1878 Cream separator Carl Gustav de Laval Swedish 1878 Cathode ray tube Sir William Crookes British 1879 Cash register James J. Ritty American 1879 Incandescent filament lamp Thomas Alva Edison Sir Joseph Wilson Swan American British 1879 Automobile engine (two-cycle) Karl Benz German 1879 Arc lamp Charles Francis Bush American 1880 Linotype Ottmar Mergenthaler American 1884 Steam turbine C.A. Parsons English 1884 Rayon (nitrocellulose) Comte Hilaire Bernigaud de Chardonnet French 1884 Multiple-wheel steam turbine Sir Charles Algernon Parsons British 1884 Nipkow disk (mechanical television scanning device) Paul Gottlieb Nipkow German 1884 Fountain pen Lewis Edson Waterman American 1885 Graphophone (dictating machine) Chichester A. Bell and Charles Sumner Tainter American 1885 AC transformer William Stanley American 1887 Air-inflated rubber tire J.B. Dunlop Scottish 1887 Gramophone (disk records) Emile Berliner American 1887 Gas mantle Baron Carl Auer von Welsbach Austrian 1887 Mimeograph Albert Blake Dick American 1887 Monotype Tolbert Lanston American 1888 Adding machine (recording) William Seward Burroughs American 1888 Kodak camera George Eastman American 1889 Steam turbine C.G. de Laval Swedish 1890 Rayon (cuprammonium) Louis Henri Despeissis French 1891 Glider Otto Lilienthal German 1891 Motion picture camera (kinetograph) Thomas Alva Edison William K. L. Dickson American British 1891 Motion picture viewer (kinetoscope) Thomas Alva Edison William K. L. Dickson American British 1891 Synthetic rubber Sir William Augustus Tilden British 1892 AC motor Nikola Tesla American 1892 Three-color camera Frederick Eugene Ives American 1892 Rayon (viscose) Charles Frederick Cross British 1892 Vacuum bottle (Dewar flask) Sir James Dewar British 1893 Photoelectric cell Julius Elster Hans F. Geitel German 1893 Diesel engine Rudolf Diesel German 1893 Gasoline automobile Charles Edgar Duryea and J. Frank Duryea American 1894 Motion picture projection Louis Jean Lumière and Auguste Marie Lumière Charles Francis Jenkins French American 1895 X-ray Wilhelm Konrad Röntgen German 1895 Rayon (acetate) Charles Frederick Cross British 1895 Wireless telegraph Marchese Guglielmo Marconi Italian 1896 Experimental airplane Samuel Pierpont Langley American 1898 Sensitized photographic paper Leo Hendrik Baekeland American 1900 Rigid dirigible airship Graf Ferdinand von Zeppelin German 1902 Radiotelephone Valdemar Poulsen Reginald Aubrey Fessenden Danish American 1903 Airplane Wilbur Wright and Orville Wright American 1903 Windshield wipers Mary Anderson American 1903 Electrocardiograph Willem Einthoven Dutch 1905 Diode rectifier tube (radio) Sir John Ambrose Fleming British 1906 Gyrocompass Hermann Anschütz-Kämpfe German 1907 Bakelite Leo Hendrik Baekeland American 1907 Triode amplifier tube (radio) Lee De Forest American 1908 Cellophane Jacques Edwin Brandenberger Swiss 1908 Two-color motion picture camera C. Albert Smith British 1909 Salvarsan Paul Ehrlich German 1910 Hydrogenation of coal Friedrich Bergius German 1910 Gyroscopic compass and stabilizer Elmer Ambrose Sperry American 1911 Air conditioning W.H. Carrier American 1911 Vitamins Casimir Funk Polish 1911 Cellophane Jacques Edwin Brandenberger Swiss 1911 Neon lamp Georges Claude French 1912 Mercury-vapor lamp Peter Cooper Hewitt American 1913 Ramjet engine René Lorin French 1913 Multigrid electron tube Irving Langmuir American 1913 Cracked gasoline William Meriam Burton American 1913 Heterodyne radio receiver Reginald Aubrey Fessenden American 1915 Automobile self-starter Charles Franklin Kettering American 1916 Browning gun (automatic rifle) John Moses Browning American 1916 Gas-filled incandescent lamp Irving Langmuir American 1916 X-ray tube William David Coolidge American 1919 Mass spectrograph Sir Francis William Aston Arthur Jeffrey Dempster British American 1922-26 Sound motion pictures T.W. Case American 1922 Insulin Sir Frederick Grant Banting Canadian 1923 Autogiro Juan de la Cierva Spanish 1923 Television iconoscope Vladimir Kosma Zworykin American 1924 Quick-frozen food Clarence Birdseye American 1925 Television image dissector tube Philo Taylor Farnsworth American 1926 Aerosol can Erik Rotheim Norwegian 1926 Liquid-fuel rocket Robert Hutchings Goddard American 1928 Penicillin Sir Alexander Fleming British 1930 Bathysphere (Charles) William Beebe American 1930 Freon (low-boiling fluorine compounds) Thomas Midgley and coworkers American 1930 Modern gas-turbine engine Sir Frank Whittle British 1930 Neoprene (synthetic rubber) Father Julius Arthur Nieuwland and Wallace Hume Carothers American 1931 Cyclotron Ernest Orlando Lawrence American 1931 Differential analyzer (analogue computer) Vannevar Bush American 1932 Phase contrast microscope Frits Zernike Dutch 1932 Van de Graaff generator Robert Jemison Van de Graaff American 1933 Frequency modulation (FM) Edwin Howard Armstrong American 1935 Buna (synthetic rubber) German scientists German 1935 Radiolocator (radar) Sir Robert Watson-Watt British 1935 Cortisone Edward Calvin Kendall Tadeus Reichstein American Swiss 1935 Electron microscope German scientists German 1935 Sulfanllamide Gerhard Domagk German 1935 Nylon Wallace Hume Carothers American 1936 Twin-rotor helicopter3 Heinrich Focke German 1937 Snowmobile Armand Bombardier Canadian 1938 Ballpoint pen Georg and Ladislao Biro Hungarian 1939 DDT Paul Müller Swiss 1939 Helicopter4 Igor Sikorsky American 1940 Betatron Donald William Kerst American 1941 Turbojet aircraft engine Sir Frank Whittle British 1942 Guided missile Wernher von Braun German 1942 Nuclear reactor Enrico Fermi American 1942 Xerography Chester Carlson American 1944 V-2 (rocket-propelled bomb) German scientists German 1945 Atomic bomb U.S. government scientists American 1945 Streptomycin Selman A. Waksman American 1946 Electronic digital computer John Presper Eckert, Jr., and John W. Mauchly American 1947 Holography Dennis Gabon English 1947 Chlormycetin Mildred Rebstock American 1947 Polaroid Land camera Edwin Herbert Land American 1947 Bathyscaphe Auguste Piccard Swiss 1947 Microwave oven Percy L. Spencer American 1948 Scintillation counter Hartmut Kallmann German 1948 Aureomycin Benjamin Minge Duggar and Chandra Bose Subba Row American 1948 Transistor John Bardeen, Walter Houser Brattain, and William Shockley American 1949 Ramjet airplane René Leduc French 1950 Color television Peter Carl Goldmark American 1952 Hydrogen bomb U.S. government scientists American 1952 Bubble chamber (nuclear particle detector) Donald Arthur Glaser American 1953 Maser Charles Townes American 1954 Solar battery Bell Telephone Laboratory scientists American 1954 Polio vaccine Jonas Salk American 1955 Synthetic diamonds General Electric scientists American 1955 Carbon dating W.F. Libby American 1955 Optical fibers Narinder S. Kapany Indian 1956 Hovercraft Christopher Cockerell English 1956 First prototype rotary engine Felix Wankel German 1956 Videotape Charles Ginsberg Ray Dolby American 1957 Sodium-cooled atomic reactor U.S. government scientists American 1957 Artificial earth satellite USSR government scientists Soviet 1958 Communications satellite U.S. government scientists American 1959 Integrated circuit Jack Kilby Robert Noyce American 1960 Laser Charles Hard Townes, Arthur L. Schawlow, and Gordon Gould American 1960 Chlorophyll synthesized Robert Burns Woodward American 1960 Birth-control pill Gregory Pincus, John Rock, and Min-chueh Chang American 1962 Light-emitting diode (LED) Nick Holonyak, Jr. American 1964 Liquid-crystal display George Heilmeier American 1965 Kevlar technology Stephanie Kwolek American 1966 Artificial heart (left ventricle) Michael Ellis DeBakey American 1966 Tunable dye laser Mary Spaeth American 1967 Human heart transplant Christiaan Neethling Barnard South Africa 1970 First complete synthesis of a gene Har Gobind Khorana American 1971 Microprocessor Ted Hoff American 1971 Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging Raymond Damadian American 1972 Electronic pocket calculator J.S. Kilby and J.D. Merryman American 1972 First magnetohydrodynamic power generator USSR government scientists Soviet 1973 Skylab orbiting space laboratory U.S. government scientists American 1974 Recombinant DNA (genetic engineering) U.S. scientists American 1975 CAT (computerized axial tomography) scanner Godfrey N. Hounsfield British 1975 Fiberoptics Bell Laboratories American 1976 Supercomputer J.H. Van Tassel and Seymour Cray American 1978 Synthesis of human insulin genes Roberto Crea, Tadaaki Hirose, Adam Kraszewski, and Keiichi Itakura American 1978 Mammal to mammal gene transplants Paul Berg, Richard Mulligan, and Bruce Howard American 1979 Compact disc Joop Sinjou Toshi Tada Doi Dutch Japanese 1979 Genetic flaw repaired in mouse cells by recombinant DNA and micromanipulation techniques W. French Anderson and coworkers American 1981 Space transportation system (space shuttle) National Aeronautics and Space Administration engineers American 1982 Artificial heart Robert K. Jarvik American 1983 Scanning tunneling microscope Gerd Binnig Heinrich Rohrer German Swiss 1986 High-temperature superconductors J. Georg Bednorz Karl A. Müller German Swiss 1992 Magnetic boat Yoshiro Saji Japanese Notes 1) An impractical prototype that was never widely used. 2) Bell received a patent for the telephone in 1876, but Meucci developed an earlier model around 1860. 3) Both rotors operated on a horizontal plane. 4) One rotor operated on a horizontal plane to provide lift, while another rotor operated on a vertical plane to counter the torque generated by the first rotor.